The time in which we live is the time of the loss of old economic dogmas, the time of new professions, the time of the formation of a new economic culture. The magic word "market", sounded at the first congresses of people's deputies, symbolized this turn in economic development. It was followed by a whole avalanche of new "economic" words - chronological markers of the ongoing changes. Economic terminology has swept the boundaries of traditional narrow professional use.

She generously spilled out on book trays in the form of numerous topical publications on management and marketing, leasing and consulting, accounting and auditing, and many others. etc., sounded in oral speech on radio and television. In conditions of inflation, the “dollar rate” has become no less relevant information than the weather report. Most of the key economic terms have been "heard" by a significant part of society. They became material for linguistic jokes, played on the stage, mastered in casual everyday speech, without becoming more understandable for many in their economic essence.

The fact that the actively emerging economic term system addresses our current reality requires some general preliminary remarks of a non-linguistic nature concerning the essence of the ongoing economic changes, since the interdisciplinary nature of the object under study in a certain way dictates the possibilities of its own linguistic interpretation.

These days are not only the time of the formation of a new model of the economy, another attempt by Russia to embark on the path of European development. This is the time of comprehension and typological description of the outgoing economic reality - societies of the same type of economic structure, that is, the description of the phenomena that have received the names of the administrative-command system, state socialism, barracks communism, as well as, depending on the specific country - Stalinism, Polpotovism, Maoism. etc. The conceptualization of empirical descriptions is accompanied by a search for fruitful methodological techniques that make it possible to identify general sociological patterns and historical invariants.

- an equivalent exchange based on the law of value, that is, the commodity-money type, or "market". The market is an economic structure of the “horizontal” type.

- unequal exchange, based on the withdrawal by non-economic, power-political methods of a surplus and part of the necessary product and its subsequent redistribution, i.e. redistribution. Redistribution is an economic structure of a "vertical" type. (Within the framework of Karl Marx's concept, this phenomenon appears under the term "Asian mode of production", which has not regional but economic content.)

The market and redistribution underlie different models of social development - European and Asian. Societies with market and redistributive economies are largely antonymic, characterized by different political and mental structures, different roles and functions of the state.

The market model is characterized by classical private property, that is, when all three property relations - use, ownership and disposal - are projected onto one owner. The European paradigm of social development is characterized by the presence of subjects of property independent of the state and the economic classes that arise on this basis, which form civil society. At the same time, the state is one of the elements of the political superstructure.

The essence of the objectively inevitable changes taking place in today's Russian society boils down to replacing the “vertical” redistributive economic system with a “horizontal” market one.

The freely established horizontal ties of commodity owners generated by commodity-money relations determine the essence of the economic structure of the market type, when each person is the subject of property and, therefore, the subject of law. Thus, the market economy is extremely subject-oriented. (6.68)

In redistributive structures, horizontal equality ties are replaced by vertical-pyramidal subordination ties. The system operates on impulses coming from above in the form of orders, orders and appeals (cf. the corresponding phraseological units - to lower the plan, give a command). From below there are reports, reports, and labor initiatives are usually initiated from above. That is, in contrast to the market, the redistributive economy turns out to be object-oriented.

The transition from a politicized directive economy to a market economy is accompanied by a painful process of loss of values ​​and norms traditional for the Soviet economy. In market conditions, each person is forced to become an “economist against their will,” that is, learn to count, analyze, predict, look for ways to survive in an unstable situation. New values, new criteria for success, computational psychology as an inevitable element of "market behavior" form new stereotypes of economic behavior 7and their assessment in the mass consciousness. Compare, for example, intermediary services, previously assessed exclusively as speculation: “The concept of an intermediary, new for Soviet reality, has entered the vocabulary of business communication. Someone took it with caution - something like a reseller or a speculator "(Small business. Supplement to the newspaper" Manager ". No. 3 (6), May, 1999).

The formation of a market economy presupposes the revival of the lost stereotypes of economic behavior: the sale and purchase of goods on the free market, commerce, renting at interest, lease relations, trade intermediation, etc. "Bargaining". Compare, for example, numerous examples reflecting this situation in Russian life in the pre-Soviet period, which are contained in the book of the everyday writer Yevgeny. Ivanov "Apt Moscow word". In particular, he testifies: “One of the wealthiest people in Moscow, the collector Bakhrushin, loved to bargain like a merchant” (this is followed by a description of this “procedure” with a characteristic set of behavioral stereotypes) [17, 98]. In Soviet times, free bargaining was possible only on the collective farm market, "Black" market, and even in a fairly limited range of economic situations (for example, renting out residential premises, in particular summer cottages).

Sources: https://kitabnagri.pk/

https://lineserved.com/

Sometimes the values ​​issued by an electronic watch with a GPS tracker can confuse their owners, since the values ​​issued by them will differ significantly from the actual values ​​calculated in advance when choosing a distance for running.

A number of factors that do not allow determining the exact location can lead to errors, among them: an increase in the angle of deviation from the distance, forced breaks, the need to overtake rivals. However, according to studies conducted by scientists from Austria and the Netherlands, even without taking into account the above factors, sports GPS watches may give incorrect results.

The principle of operation of GPS equipment is based on the interaction of the satellite with an electronic clock or smartphone, which is a must-have accessory while jogging. In accordance with the data obtained in the studies of Peter Rancher, this interaction is not a constant process, but more like frequent intermittent cycles.

As Peter Renecher replied in an email to Runner's World:

“When you take a GPS navigator with you, you compose a trajectory of movement on the ground for it. The trajectory should include positions connected in series (points on the map). ”

According to Mr. Renecher, errors are inevitable, since GPS equipment registers your movements in space in an intermittent mode, only from time to time fixing your location points, and then connecting them into segments, forming your path.

Error No. 1 is called interpolation. If your GPS sports watch for running doesn’t fix the points of your movement in space often enough, underestimation of the distance that you have covered can occur.

As Peter Renecher told us: “Let's imagine that you are running a circular distance, and during this time the navigator will register your trajectory only at 4 points, what will happen?” Instead of the expected lap distance, it will become square. ”

Error No. 2, the more common, is called a measurement error. Each time, when a satellite tries to contact electronic equipment, the signal may go sideways, showing a location that is slightly not true. When your watch or smartphone is trying to measure the distance between the last two control points, the distance will be greater than what you actually ran. These small errors will ultimately lead to overpriced results.

As Renecher explained:

“The problem is this: if your GPS-navigator picks up more positions, then the path will be longer, if less, then it will be shorter.

In his opinion, and the opinion of co-researchers, the use of GPS equipment in any case is associated with an overestimation of the results even despite the fact that many navigator models can accurately capture satellite signals based on its location.

According to Mr. Renecher, according to the results of his research, published in one of the international publications “Geographical Sciences” (International Journal of Geographical Information Science), a volunteer with a tracker who recorded movements every second in several series of studies, the deviation in the indicators was 10% .

He said: “We deliberately used a very poor quality device to make the error in operation more pronounced,” since there should be fewer errors in more advanced models, but they still exist. ”

According to Renecher and his assistants, there is a solution to the problem, and it is subject to the laws of mathematics.

It turns out that every time a satellite establishes a connection with your watch or smartphone, it registers your speed and your location. According to Reneecher, measurements of speed indicators are usually very accurate and do not affect the overestimation of values, so one of the possible solutions to the problem is to collect information about the change in speed and calculate the distance through this indicator.

Although mr. Renecher agrees that the hypothesis he proposed requires verification; he insists on including the speed indicator in the distance calculation formula. According to Renecher, you don’t need to purchase new GPS watches, but just update the software in them.

But despite a deep immersion in the problem associated with GPS-systems, Renecher remains a loyal advocate of GPS technology. According to him, GPS is a fantastic system, although the quality of information collection and distance measurement requires elaboration and improvement.

Source: http://www.rafiqsonsonline.com/product-category/citizen/

The performance of a company depends on three main factors: financial management, staff competence and above all business communication. How can a company claim to prosper when it is not known to consumers? This is the problem that has given rise to many forms of communication, including custom packaging. It is one of the most modern and efficient business communication tools. This is the necessary link between the brand, the services and the products. Beyond its primary function of protecting a product, it remains a remarkable tool for corporate advertising. Still called custom packaging, it allows a company to stand out from its competitors.

To develop the company and make a name for itself in the market, all communication tools are certainly good. But, to tell the truth, personalized packaging remains the best communication tool enabling a company to be better visible to consumers.

We can safely say that personalized packaging is the best form of corporate advertising.

But, above all, remember that the one who says packaging simply says how to pack the goods so that they reach customers in perfect condition. From this perspective, packaging becomes the first product coverage in the sense of capacity, protection and conservation. It must also promote the handling, transportation, storage, delivery of products as well as their shelf layout in shops.

However, the role of packaging goes beyond this dimension. It also aims to seduce the client, to impress at first sight. For this purpose, it is associated with several other parameters such as:

the functional parameter relating to the utility of the product;

the sensory parameter relating to the feelings of a buyer when he receives the article;

the emotional setting that shows how the purchase of a product can affect the sensitivity of consumers.

All of these settings show how often custom packaging can make a company's visibility easier. Indeed, when a customer is satisfied with the services of your company, he allows himself to recommend to his entourage.

It must be said that unlike other media, this new form of corporate advertising directly brings the consumer to the product. This is how the visual implementation of the product stimulates its flow, its sale. Personalized packaging becomes an essential instrument in terms of efficiency in marketing strategy. It is a condition sine qua non, not to say a mandatory passage, to develop the company.

It can therefore be said that personalized packaging contributes to the image of a brand. In this sense, it is an essential communication medium to reveal the values ​​of a brand in order to consolidate its position on the market. Also, it arouses the curiosity of consumers and therefore allows to retain them. Would you have forgotten that it is a crucial source of information insofar as it provides relevant information both on a company and on:

the composition of a product;

the instructions for use of a product;

advice on this product;

the making of the product;

its traceability.

In addition, it also aims to highlight promotions and innovations of a company.

Source: https://wellpackeurope.com/bubble-wrap-rolls

Being in love: what is it?

To be in love is to feel very strong and sudden emotions for someone . We meet someone, we may start to flirt and we feel how our body and our head take control of our heart! We only think about it and our growing feelings are growing day by day!

With time, when the love story continues and becomes daily, we do not really say that we are in love, but rather that we love, because feelings are installed . You have understood, to be in love is a state of love that falls on us, surprises us. Once you tame these feelings and the bonds are woven, then we love!

Symptoms that do not deceive

It is not uncommon to hear about love disease as the feeling can be physically and psychologically upsetting. A real upheaval initiated by strong emotions.

To recognize the feeling of love, know that there are many symptoms resulting from this euphoric state:

Your heart beats as soon as you think of him or you are with him.

You have butterflies in your belly , which can be described as a feeling of warmth in the lower abdomen. You feel them when you think of your beloved or when you are about to find him, or when he approaches you ...

The other takes a lot of space in your thoughts and your daily life: morning, noon, night, night ... It is there.

You are ready for anything and ready to follow it everywhere: any concert, any evening ... even if it does not really attract you.

Your friends go second, at least your priority is to cross the one that makes you capsize!

You dream of him, day and night. During the day, you are in a lot of pleasant situations and at night ... it's even more intense!

You feel desire, as much in love as sexual: a desire to be with him and to lose you in his arms.

You are afraid that everything stops , that he does not remind you, that he abandons you ...

You are full of energy and you love getting up in the morning to meet him, to talk to him, to watch him !

You only have his name in the mouth. You talk about him with animation.

You are ready, you want to be on top and you leave nothing to chance, between the choice of clothing, makeup and hairstyle.

You are literally passionate about everything he does and everything he says ... In short, you drink his words !

If you recognize yourself, congratulations, you are in love!

http://ebookreview.pro/brad-browning-mend-the-marriage-reviews/